Alqaeda, meaning the base, was created in 1989 as soviet forces withdrew from afghanistan and osama bin laden and his. It posted its acceptance of responsibility on a number of radical islamist websites monitored by the site intelligence group and the nine eleven finding answers foundation, and wrote. On the other side, al qaeda s ideology has its origins in late19thcentury efforts in egypt to reform and modernize faith and society. From left ayman al zawahiri, osama bin laden and mohammed atef al qaeda, meaning the base, was created in 1989 as soviet forces withdrew from afghanistan and osama bin laden and his colleagues began looking for new jihads. History of alqaeda and terrorism against the usa 2. The following excerpts from the moussaoui indictment outline al qaeda s origins, why it violently opposes the u. Since the rise of the islamic state group in iraq and syria, al qaeda, the global terrorist network behind the attacks of 911 and the u. Soon, however, zarqawis targeting of civilians created misgivings among the core alqaeda leadership. Mujahideen drove soviet forces from afghanistan in 1989. Alqaeda, broadbased militant islamist organization founded by osama bin laden in the late 1980s.
Islamist militant group al shabab, which controls much of somalia, releases a joint video with al qaeda, formally announcing the two groups have merged. It was led and financed by osama bin laden, a radical sunni muslim. Pdf al qaedas organizational structure and its evolution. Exposing islams new war on christians 20 and the al qaeda reader 2007. Osama bin laden was instrumental in keeping al qaeda and isis allied as he. The origins of al qaedas ideology central intelligence agency. Video shows saudi, yemeni alqaida leaders announcing merger. The number of terrorist plots in the west that originated from pakistan declined considerably from most of them at the outset, to 75% in 2007, and to 50% in 2010, as alqaeda shifted to somalia and yemen u. After the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001, alqaeda or alqaida, pronounced alkyeda became the worlds most infamous terrorist organization. Bibliography alqaeda and its affiliated organizations universiteit. This new jihadist terrorist organization focuses its attention on driving the infidels from. Albaghdadi the leader of the islamic state of iraq and syria, otherwise known as isis may reconcile with alzawhiri the leader of the alqaeda central organization to fight the crusader enemy. The manual was found in a computer file described as the military series related to the declaration of jihad.
Apr 29, 2015 yet even in its early days the group bickered with the al qaeda leadership. The egyptian islamic jihad and merger with alqaeda. Giles foden on how bin laden may have been inspired by isaac asimovs foundation. Middle east and africa congressional research service summary after a more than a decade and a half of combating al qaeda aq in afghanistan and pakistan. The manual was translated into english and was introduced earlier this. Al qaeda claims that the fight in afghanistan bankrupted the soviet union in the 1980s and led to its collapse, and that the united states too is. Isis, al qaeda in talks for terror merger washington times. The following excerpts from the moussaoui indictment outline al qaedas origins, why it violently opposes the u. Alqaedathe base in arabicis the network of extremists organized by osama bin laden the death of bin laden, who was killed in a joint operation by u. Al qaeda in the arabian peninsula took responsibility for the plot.
The document, which has since been described by the fbi as the. The al qaeda reader should be required reading for any student of political science who wants to understand terrorism. Alshababs numbers and its extensive support network mean al qaeda is now better positioned to carry out strikes on the u. Al qaeda background al qaeda inside the terror network. We will continue to strike blows against american interests and the interest of americas allies. In 2005, bin ladens righthand man, ayman alzawahiri, wrote a letter chiding the jordanian for his tactics. The teaching of the reformers has been heterodox and revolutionary from the beginning. Al qaeda emerged in afghanistan in the late 1980s, as arab volunteers joined usbacked afghan mujahideen fighting to expel the occupying soviet forces. Bin laden set up an organisation to help the volunteers, which became known as alqaeda, or the base. The base, the foundation, alternatively spelled alqaida and alqaida is a transnational extremist salafist militant organization founded in 1988 by osama bin laden, abdullah azzam, and several other arab volunteers during the sovietafghan war. October 16, 2014, cherrie, comments off on what is alqaeda alqaeda is a group composed of islamic militants who have declared a holy war against jews, americans and allies. Osama bin laden, al qaeda s emir, was under the protection of the tali.
Between 10,000 and 20,000 jihadists have been trained in al qaeda camps in afghanistan since the 1980s, but thousands of fighters have been killed or captured since the united states ramped up counterterrorism operations against the group in the 2000s. Jfs, merging with other smaller syriabased, alqaedaaligned jihadist factions. Islamist militant group alshabab, which controls much of somalia, releases a joint video with alqaeda, formally announcing the two groups have merged. Al qaeda 1 al qaeda al qaeda remains the most notorious islamic terrorist group in existence today. Bin laden set up an organisation to help the volunteers, which became known as al qaeda, or the base. Al qaeda origins, ideology, goals and future 465 al qaeda. During the 19791989 sovietafghan war in afghanistan, in which the soviet union gave support to the communist afghan government, muslim insurgents, known as.
In september 2014, alqaeda central aqc launched its latest regional affiliate, alqaeda in the indian subcontinent aqis. It has become synonymous with the terrorist attacks of september 11 but what is the origin of the name alqaida. Alqaedas single narrative and attempts to develop counter narratives. Alqaeda emerged in afghanistan in the late 1980s, as arab volunteers joined usbacked afghan mujahideen fighting to expel the occupying soviet forces. The united states viewed the soviet support of the afghan marxists against the afghan mujahedeen as a sign of soviet aggression and expansionist policy. From left ayman alzawahiri, osama bin laden and mohammed atef. May 03, 2011 al qaeda is the most successful terrorist organization in history. Alqaeda merges with isis at syriairaq border town telegraph. Isis has ruled ruthlessly and killed with few restraints in its syrian holdings. The origins of alqaeda can be traced to the soviet war in afghanistan. The alqaeda is said to be the force behind the september 11 attacks that killed thousands of people in the us, as well as other terrorist attacks in different countries. But the number of active al qaeda followers today is difficult to quantify.
Appreciating the adaptive nature of al qaeda as a movement and the ongoing threat it projects onto u. As the 20th century progressed, the sunni establishment centered on al azhar came to view the modernist reform movement as more and more heterodox. How alqaeda survived drones, uprisings,and the islamic state. Backgrounder the threat of new alqaeda leadership the case of syrias aljoulani une 30 2015 of a caliphate on june 29, 2014. Calling itself alqaeda in the land of the two rivers, or alqaeda in iraq aqi, its ranks included iraqis as well. Oct 16, 2014 al qaeda is a group composed of islamic militants who have declared a holy war against jews, americans and allies. By destroying the world trade centre in new york on 911 it provoked the us into launching wars damaging to itself in afghanistan. On the other side, al qaedas ideology has its origins in late19th. As the 20th century progressed, the sunni establishment centered on alazhar came to view the modernist reform movement as more and more heterodox. The decision to merge with alqaeda and the change in the groups focus or its initial stated purpose since its inception did not sit well with all of its members and caused a rift within the organization. In contrast, al qaeda groups have focused more on local populations and local flashpoints. Since the rise of the islamic state group in iraq and syria, alqaeda, the global terrorist network behind the attacks of 911 and the u. It was also published in a special edition of the georgetown security.
The al qaeda is said to be the force behind the september 11 attacks that killed thousands of people in the us, as well as other terrorist attacks in different countries. Alqaeda training manual open pdf 4 mb the manual was located by the manchester england metropolitan police during a search of an al qaeda members home. Secretary of state hillary clinton formally designated alqaeda in yemen a terrorist organization on december 14, 2009. Arabic meaning, the base is an islamist group founded sometime between august 1988 and late 1989early 1990 it operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless arm, and a fundamentalist sunni movement calling for al qaeda al sulbah a vanguard of the strong. It is a global militant islamist and takfiri organization.
Sep 01, 2011 al qaeda claims that the fight in afghanistan bankrupted the soviet union in the 1980s and led to its collapse, and that the united states too is being driven to the brink of ruin. Understanding the origins of al qaeda, its goals, current activities, and prospective future pursuits is key to developing sound u. When anbari returned, he presented a plan to merge alqaeda in iraq with other, local forces to establish the mujahideen shura council in january 2006. Understanding the origins of al qaeda, its goals, current activities, and prospective. Al qaeda core, its affiliated groups, associated groups, and adherents, and how. Al qaeda s leading thinkers are steeped in these reformerslong struggle against the establishment. In the years since it orchestrated the devastating september 11, 2001 attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon, its former leader, osama bin laden, and its current chief, ayman al zawahiri, have become internationally recog. Jun 25, 2014 al qaeda merges with isis at syriairaq border town al qaeda s syrian affiliate swears loyalty to isis, opening way for jihadist group to control vast swathes of land on both sides of iraqsyria. Oct 10, 2014 al baghdadi the leader of the islamic state of iraq and syria, otherwise known as isis may reconcile with al zawhiri the leader of the al qaeda central organization to fight the crusader enemy. In september 2014, al qaeda central aqc launched its latest regional affiliate, al qaeda in the indian subcontinent aqis. Like other totalitarian movements, the movements leaders have rationalized their brutality in a number of published treatises. On the other side, al qaedas ideology has its origins in late19thcentury efforts in egypt to reform and modernize faith and society. Osama bin laden and the al qaeda terrorist network have conducted a sophisticated public relations and media campaign over the last ten years using a series of faxed statements, audio recordings, video appearances, and internet postings. It is a stateless meaning without a country terrorist organization.
The new group was created to operate across south asia, however, with its centre of gravity and leadership based in pakistan. Apr 26, 2017 the islamic state group and al qaeda, long rivals for supremacy in the jihadi struggle, are feeling more pressure to combine as the islamic state loses its territorial base in syria and iraq and. Now, for the first time, the al qaeda reader gathers together the essential texts and documents that trace the origin, history, and evolution of the ideas of alqaeda founders ayman alzawahiri and osama bin laden. See more ideas about al qaeda, this or that questions and palestine history.
And a senior alqaeda commander, muhammad atef, died in the. Al qaeda has its roots in an organization that grew out of the mekhtab al khidemat the services office organization and from 1989 their name became al qaeda or in english the base or foundation pbs frontline, n. The following excerpts are from a document found by the police in manchester, england, during a search of an al qaeda members home. This research paperseeks to map effort s to counter the attraction of alqaedas ideology.
The islamic state group and al qaeda, long rivals for supremacy in the jihadi struggle, are feeling more pressure to combine as the islamic state loses its territorial base in syria and iraq and. The rise and fall of al qaeda the web site cannot be found. The egyptian islamic jihad and merger with alqaeda paperback february 26, 2015. Al qaeda and associated movements aqam has become an increasingly. But though there have been many successful operations and many. Jul 20, 2004 al qaeda s origins and links al qaeda s leaders. When anbari returned, he presented a plan to merge al qaeda in iraq with other, local forces to establish the mujahideen shura council in january 2006. Perhaps the most brutal of these insurgent forces was the movement led by jordanianborn abu musab alzarqawi. Al qaeda training manual open pdf 4 mb the manual was located by the manchester england metropolitan police during a search of an al qaeda members home. This opposition also included any arab governments that supported both the united states and israel.
Most of the world thinks it is a takfiri and terrorist organization members of alqaeda have performed many acts of terrorism. A strategic history of hayat tahrir alshams formation. Alqaeda merges with isis at syriairaq border town alqaedas syrian affiliate swears loyalty to isis, opening way for jihadist group to. The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins, objectives, ideology, motivation, leadership structure, targets, strategies, tactics, and future of al qaeda. Al qaeda al qaeda training manual inside the terror. The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading, destruction, and dispersing of al. The cia launched operation cyclone, channelling funds through pakistans inter services. Pdf on may 5, 2015, farhan zahid and others published from jihad to alqaeda to islamic state find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. In their own words, al qaeda tells the western world why they are attacking western interests and what they want. Pdf the inner organizational structure of al qaeda within the expanded. The question needs to be asked if the united states did everything al qaeda wants, would the jihad be over, or. It began as a logistical network to support muslims fighting against the soviet union during the afghan war and transformed into the active terrorist organization known for carrying out the september 11 attacks of 2001.
It is therefore likely a strategic consideration for both joulani and zawahiri to ensure this network adheres to alqaeda as it evolves. Bruce hoffman, the coming isisal qaeda merger, foreign affairs. Alqaedas single narrative and attempts to develop counter. Nov 30, 2018 when anbari returned, he presented a plan to merge alqaeda in iraq with other, local forces to establish the mujahideen shura council in january 2006. The third strategic objective that elevating joulani to. The most successful terrorist organization in history.
To that end, it is currently engaged in an antigovernment campaign. Al qaeda, broadbased militant islamist organization founded by osama bin laden in the late 1980s. Al qaeda is the most successful terrorist organization in history. A case study william rosenau and alexander powell with contributions from pamela g. In april 2006, abdul rahman almuhajir and abu bakr alsuri, two of alqaedas top bomb makers pdf, were killed in pakistan.
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